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Appendix C: The four nations

22 sources. Checked September 2026.

Every claim in this chapter is traced to the source behind it. Below is each one, numbered as it appears in the book, with a link that opens the original.

  1. The Carer's Leave Regulations 2024 (SI 2024/251), reg. 1(3) (legislation.gov.uk, read directly): "The Regulations extend to England and Wales and Scotland." Northern Ireland is excluded in the primary text. See also the Explanatory Memorandum to SI 2023/1328, para. 4.1: "employment law is reserved for Scotland and Wales but devolved to Northern Ireland.".
    www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/251/contents/made
  2. Employment Rights Act 1996, s. 80F and s. 80G, as amended, and the Flexible Working (Amendment) Regulations 2023 (SI 2023/1328), reg. 2 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly, first verified in The Request They Have to Take Seriously).
    www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18/section/80G
  3. Care Act 2014, ss. 10 and 13 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly, first verified in The Assessment That's Actually About You).
    www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/23/section/13
  4. Care Act 2014, ss. 31 to 33 (read directly, first verified in The People You Haven't Asked Yet).
    www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/23/section/31
  5. Mental Capacity Act 2005 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly, first verified in When Your Parent's Capacity Changes). The Act extends to England and Wales.
    www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents
  6. Care and Support (Charging and Assessment of Resources) Regulations 2014 (SI 2014/2672), regs. 6, 12 and 25, as amended by SI 2026/213 (read directly, first verified in What This Actually Costs). Figures are for the 2026/27 charging year.
    www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/2672/contents/made
  7. Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014, s. 24 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly, first verified in The Assessment That's Actually About You).
    www.legislation.gov.uk/anaw/2014/4/section/24
  8. Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014, ss. 49A to 53 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly): direct payments may be made to an adult, to a suitable person on their behalf or to a carer in their own right; s. 52 covers payments to carers specifically.
    www.legislation.gov.uk/anaw/2014/4/part/4/crossheading/direct-payments
  9. Welsh Government, Charging for social care (gov.wales, accessed September 2026): "If you have capital over £50,000 you may have to pay the full cost of your residential care." The limit rose from £40,000 to £50,000 in 2019.
    www.gov.wales/charging-social-care
  10. Age Cymru, Factsheet 46w: Paying for care and support at home in Wales (June 2026): the weekly maximum charge for non-residential care and support is £100, in place since 2020, and the capital limit for non-residential services is £24,000. Corroborated by Welsh Government, Charging for social care.
    www.agecymru.wales/siteassets/documents/information-guides-and-factsheets/fs46w.pdf
  11. Carers (Scotland) Act 2016, s. 6 (the right to an Adult Carer Support Plan) and s. 21: "Each local authority must set the local eligibility criteria which it is to apply in its area." A Ministers' power to set national criteria exists under s. 23, but no such regulations have been made. Read directly, first verified in The Assessment That's Actually About You.
    www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2016/9/contents
  12. Social Care (Self-directed Support) (Scotland) Act 2013, s. 4(1) (legislation.gov.uk, read directly): the local authority must offer four options, the first of which is "the making of a direct payment by the local authority to the supported person for the provision of support.".
    www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2013/1/section/4
  13. Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000, s. 1 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly): no intervention unless the person authorising it is satisfied it will benefit the adult and that the benefit cannot reasonably be achieved without it; any intervention must be "the least restrictive option in relation to the freedom of the adult"; and account must be taken of the adult's present and past wishes and the views of the nearest relative, named person, primary carer and other interested parties, "in so far as it is reasonable and practicable to do so.".
    www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2000/4/section/1
  14. COSLA, Social Care Charging Guidance 2026-27 (accessed September 2026): personal care and nursing care cannot be charged for, under s. 87 of the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968, and "there is no legal 'duty' placed on Local Authorities and Integration Authorities to charge for non-residential social care." Where a council does charge, it sets its own income thresholds and taper.
    www.cosla.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/70763/COSLA-Social-Care-Charging-Guidance-2026-27.pdf
  15. mygov.scot, Costs of personal and nursing care (accessed September 2026): from 1 April 2026, £260.30 a week toward personal care and £117.10 a week toward nursing care in a care home. Personal care at home is free following a care needs assessment, regardless of age, income or savings.
    www.mygov.scot/personal-nursing-care/costs
  16. Care Information Scotland, Capital limits (accessed September 2026): from 6 April 2026, the lower limit is £22,750 and the upper limit £36,750, with tariff income of £1 for every £250 of capital between them. Care Information Scotland is delivered by NHS 24 on behalf of the Scottish Government.
    www.careinfoscotland.scot/topics/care-homes/paying-care-home-fees/capital-limits
  17. Employment Rights (Northern Ireland) Order 1996, art. 112F, as reported by McCay Legal, Flexible working requests in Northern Ireland (2024), and corroborated by the Explanatory Memorandum to SI 2023/1328, para. 4.1 (first verified in The Request They Have to Take Seriously).
    www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1996/1919/article/112F
  18. Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002, s. 1 (the right to request an assessment, which the authority "shall carry out") and s. 2(1)(c) (the authority then decides "whether or not to provide services to the carer"). Read directly, first verified in The Assessment That's Actually About You. The Act's own title confirms the assessment right and the direct payments scheme sit together.
    www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2002/6/contents
  19. Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016, s. 1 (legislation.gov.uk, read directly): the person is not to be treated as lacking capacity unless it is established under s. 3; capacity turns on what the person can do under s. 4 rather than on assumptions from their condition; "the person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision for himself or herself about the matter unless all practicable help and support to enable the person to make a decision about the matter have been given without success"; and the person is not to be treated as unable to decide "merely because the person makes an unwise decision.".
    www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2016/18/section/1
  20. Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016, s. 7(7) and s. 7(11)(d) (read directly): the person making a best-interests determination must consult "the relevant people," a group defined to include "anyone engaged in caring for P or interested in P's welfare.".
    www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2016/18/section/7
  21. nidirect, Paying your residential care or nursing home fees (accessed September 2026): over £23,250, the person is assessed as able to pay for all their care; between £14,250 and £23,250, capital is treated as generating £1 a week of income for every £250; at or under £14,250, "your capital will be ignored in calculating how much you have to pay towards your care." The same limits were confirmed unchanged for 2025/26 by Department of Health circular HSC (CHU) 1/2025.
    www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/paying-your-residential-care-or-nursing-home-fees
  22. Department of Health (Northern Ireland), Guidance on Charging for Residential Accommodation: the personal expenses allowance is set annually by circular. Circular HSC (CHU) 1/2026 covers 2026/27. The 2025/26 circular set the allowance at £34.10 a week from 7 April 2025, and the 2026/27 figure was not readable at the time of writing, so ask your trust for the current amount.
    www.health-ni.gov.uk/publications/guidance-charging-residential-accommodation

Sources for the other chapters are listed at ageingparent.co.uk/sources. Free guides on the topics in this book are at ageingparent.co.uk.